can rabbits get parvo virus

Breiz Heurope

2 min read

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11-03-2025

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Rabbits are susceptible to a variety of viral infections, but can rabbits get parvovirus? The short answer is no, not the canine parvovirus. While rabbits can contract several serious viral illnesses, canine parvovirus is species-specific and doesn't affect rabbits. However, this doesn't mean rabbits are immune to all viral threats. Understanding the viruses that do affect rabbits is crucial for responsible pet ownership.

Viral Diseases Affecting Rabbits

Several viruses can cause severe illness and even death in rabbits. These include:

• Rabbit Hemorrhagic Disease Virus (RHDV): This highly contagious and often fatal virus causes internal bleeding and sudden death. There are two main strains, RHDV1 and RHDV2, with RHDV2 being more prevalent. Vaccination is highly recommended to protect against RHDV.

• Myxomatosis: Spread by fleas and mosquitoes, myxomatosis causes severe swelling of the face and genitals, along with eye and respiratory problems. While treatable in some cases, it can be fatal. Vaccination is available and recommended, especially in areas where myxomatosis is prevalent.

• Encephalitozoon cuniculi: Although technically a parasite and not a virus, E. cuniculi is a common infection in rabbits that can affect the brain and other organs. Symptoms can range from subtle neurological signs to severe illness. Diagnosis and treatment are available.

• Calicivirus: This virus can cause various symptoms, including respiratory illness, skin lesions, and fever. It can be severe, especially in young rabbits or those with weakened immune systems.

Understanding Species Specificity of Viruses

It's important to understand that many viruses are species-specific. This means a virus that affects one species (like canine parvovirus in dogs) won't typically affect another species (like rabbits). The virus's genetic makeup and the cellular receptors it needs to infect are specific to certain hosts. This is why a dog's parvovirus won't infect a rabbit.

Symptoms of Viral Infections in Rabbits

Recognizing the signs of illness in your rabbit is crucial for prompt veterinary care. Common symptoms of viral infections in rabbits include:

• Lethargy and loss of appetite: A significant change in your rabbit's behavior is a major red flag.
• Respiratory distress: Sneezing, coughing, or difficulty breathing.
• Eye discharge: Excessive tearing or crusting around the eyes.
• Skin lesions: Sores, scabs, or unusual skin changes.
• Diarrhea: Loose or watery stools.
• Neurological signs: Head tilt, tremors, circling, or seizures.

Note: These symptoms are not specific to viral infections and could indicate other health problems. Always consult a veterinarian if you notice any changes in your rabbit's health.

Preventing Viral Infections in Rabbits

Preventing viral infections is much more effective than treating them. Here are some key preventative measures:

• Vaccination: Vaccinate your rabbit against RHDV and myxomatosis.
• Hygiene: Maintain a clean and hygienic environment for your rabbit. Regularly clean their living space and litter box.
• Parasite control: Regularly check for and treat fleas and other parasites.
• Quarantine: Quarantine new rabbits for at least 30 days before introducing them to your existing rabbits.
• Avoid contact with other rabbits: Limit exposure to other rabbits, especially those from unknown backgrounds.

When to See a Veterinarian

If you suspect your rabbit has a viral infection, seek veterinary attention immediately. Early diagnosis and treatment significantly improve the chances of a positive outcome. Don't delay treatment, as viral infections in rabbits can quickly become life-threatening. Your veterinarian can perform diagnostic tests to determine the specific virus and recommend appropriate treatment.

While rabbits cannot contract canine parvovirus, they are vulnerable to other serious viral illnesses. Proactive preventative measures and prompt veterinary care are essential to keep your rabbit healthy and happy.